Publications

Below is a compilation of the scientific literature enabled by gVXR (or its predecessor). If your research making use of gVXR was published in a journal or conference proceedings article, please let me know so that I can add it to the list.

Scientific Journals (peer reviewed articles)

Albiol et al., 2019: Albiol, F., Corbi, A., & Albiol, A. (2019 , ). Densitometric radiographic imaging with contour sensors. IEEE Access, 7(), 18902-18914. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2895925
Andreozzi et al., 2021: Andreozzi, E., Fratini, A., Esposito, D., Cesarelli, M., & Bifulco, P. (2021). Toward a priori noise characterization for real-time edge-aware denoising in fluoroscopic devices. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 20(1), 36. doi:10.1186/s12938-021-00874-8
Bosse et al., 2024: Bosse, S., Lehmhus, D., & Kumar, S. (2024). Automated porosity characterization for aluminum die casting materials using x-ray radiography, synthetic x-ray data augmentation by simulation, and machine learning. Sensors, 24(9). doi:10.3390/s24092933
Corbi et al., 2019: Corbi, A., Burgos, D., Vidal, F. P., Albiol, F., & Albiol, A. (2019 , December). X-ray imaging virtual online laboratory for engineering undergraduates. European Journal of Physics, 41(1). Focus on Medical Physics. doi:10.1088/1361-6404/ab5011
Friemann et al., 2025: Friemann, J., Mikkelsen, L. P., Oddy, C., & Fagerström, M. (2025). Synthetic, automatically labelled training data for machine learning based X-ray CT image segmentation: Application to 3D-textile carbon fibre reinforced composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, p. 112656. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112656
Ha et al., 2025: Ha, T.-L., Verde, J., Bert, J., & Courtecuisse, H. (2025). Toward fluoroscopy guided robotic needle insertion for radio frequency ablation. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 36(3), e70025. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cav.70025
Haiderbhai et al., 2020: Haiderbhai, M., Ledesma, S., Lee, S. C., Seibold, M., Fürnstahl, P., Navab, N., & Fallavollita, P. (2020). Pix2xray: converting RGB images into x-rays using generative adversarial networks. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 15(6), 973-980. doi:10.1007/s11548-020-02159-2
Huang et al., 2024: Huang, W., Shao, H., Petrò, S., & Moroni, G. (2024). The X-ray computed tomography simulation in geometric metrology: a review and case study. Procedia CIRP, 129, 145-150. 18th CIRP Conference on Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT2024). doi:10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.026
Lindgren & Hanning, 2025: Lindgren, E., & Hanning, F.and Squillaci, L. (2025). Hybrid modeling of material imperfection indications in X-ray computed tomography datasets. e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing. 10th International Symposium on Digital Industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography, 1-3 July 2025 in Paris, France. doi:10.58286/31443
Mitchell et al., 2025: Mitchell, I. T., Létang, J. M., Evans, L. M., & Vidal, F. P. (2025). WebCT - OpenSource Web-based GUI for Realtime X-ray Simulation. Tomography of Materials and Structures, p. 100057. doi:10.1016/j.tmater.2025.100057
Ou & Xiao, 2025: Ou, D., & Xiao, Y. (2025). Pose estimation of multi-view X-ray radiography with variable imaging geometry for industrial assembly inspection. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, pp. 1–27. doi:10.1080/10589759.2025.2465418
Ou et al., 2024: Ou, D., Xiao, Y., Lan, D., & Wang, Y. (2024 , mar). Type A standard uncertainty evaluation in one measurement through uncertainty propagation from voxel values\rq distribution for computed tomography metrology. Measurement Science and Technology, 35(6), 065015. doi:10.1088/1361-6501/ad30ba
Phoulady et al., 2023: Phoulady, A., Suleiman, Y., Choi, H., Moore, T., May, N., Shahbazmohamadi, S., & Tavousi, P. (2023). Synthetic data augmentation to enhance manual and automated defect detection in microelectronics. Microelectronics Reliability, 150, 115220. Special issue of 34th European Symposium on Reliability of Electron Devices, Failure Physics and Analysis, ESREF 2023. doi:10.1016/j.microrel.2023.115220
Pointon et al., 2023a: Pointon, J. L., Wen, T., Tugwell-Allsup, J., Létang, J. M., & Vidal, F. P. (2023). gVirtualXray (gVXR): simulating x-ray radiographs and CT volumes of anthropomorphic phantoms. Software Impacts, 16, 100513. doi:10.1016/j.simpa.2023.100513
Pointon et al., 2023b: Pointon, J. L., Wen, T., Tugwell-Allsup, J., Sújar, A., Létang, J. M., & Vidal, F. P. (2023). Simulation of X-ray projections on GPU: benchmarking gVirtualXray with clinically realistic phantoms. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 234, 107500. doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107500
Racy et al., 2021: Racy, M., Barrow, A., Tomlinson, J., & Bello, F. (2021). Development and validation of a virtual reality haptic femoral nailing simulator. Journal of Surgical Education, 78(3), 1013-1023. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.10.004
Sujar et al., 2022: Sújar, A., Kelly, G., García, M., & Vidal, F. P. (2022 , January). Interactive teaching environment for diagnostic radiography with real-time X-ray simulation and patient positioning. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, pp. 85–95. doi:10.1007/s11548-021-02499-7
Vidal et al., 2025: Vidal, F. P., Afshari, S., Ahmed, S., Albiol, A., Albiol, F., Béchet, É., … Villard, P.-F. (2025). X-ray simulations with gvxr in education, digital twining, experiment planning, and data analysis. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. To appear.
Vidal et al., 2022: Vidal, F. P., Mitchell, I. T., & Létang, J. M. (2022). Use of fast realistic simulations on GPU to extract CAD models from microtomographic data in the presence of strong CT artefacts. Precision Engineering, 74, 110-125. doi:10.1016/j.precisioneng.2021.10.014
Vidal & Villard, 2016: Vidal, F. P., & Villard, P.-F. (2016 , April). Development and validation of real-time simulation of x-ray imaging with respiratory motion. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 49, 1-15. doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2015.12.002
Villard et al., 2009: Villard, P.-F., Vidal, F. P., Hunt, C., Bello, F., John, N. W., Johnson, S., & Gould, D. A. (2009 , November). A prototype percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography training simulator with real-time breathing motion. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 4(6), 571-578. doi:10.1007/s11548-009-0367-1

International Conferences (peer reviewed articles)

Bello et al., 2009: Bello, F., Bulpitt, A., Gould, D. A., Holbrey, R., Hunt, C., John, N. W., H. Woolnough, H. (2009 , March). ImaGiNe-S: imaging guided needle simulation. Eurographics 2009 - Medical Prize (pp. 5–8). Munich, Germany: Eurographics Association. Second prize and winner of €300. doi:10.2312/egm.20091024
Gao et al., 2024: Gao, Z., Lan, H., Zhang, C., Huang, Y., & Fu, J. (2024). Modeling technique for optimizing simulation objective function based on key parameters of the x-ray imaging system. Proceedings of the 2024 7th International Conference on Machine Vision and Applications (pp. 139–144). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. doi:10.1145/3653946.3653967
Haiderbhai et al., 2020: Haiderbhai, M., Ledesma, S., Navab, N., & Fallavollita, P. (2020). Generating x-ray images from point clouds using conditional generative adversarial networks. 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) (pp. 1588–1591). doi:10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9175420
Vidal et al., 2025: Vidal, F. P., Afshari, S., Albiol, A., Albiol, F., Bellot, A. C., Brun, A. L., ... Villard, P.-F. (2025). Meuschke, M., & Kuhlen, T. W. (Eds.). X-ray simulations with gVirtualXray in medicine and life sciences. Dirk Bartz Prize for Visual Computing in Medicine and Life Sciences 2025 (Eurographics Medical Prize). The Eurographics Association. 3rd place. doi:10.2312/evm.20251974
Vidal et al., 2010: Vidal, F. P., Garnier, M., Freud, N., Létang, J. M., & John, N. W. (2010 , May). Accelerated deterministic simulation of x-ray attenuation using graphics hardware. Eurographics 2010 - Poster (p. Poster 5011). Norrköping, Sweden: Eurographics Association. doi:10.2312/egp.20101026
Wen et al., 2021: Wen, T., Mihail, Radu P., & Vidal, F. P. (2021). 3D-2D registration using x-ray simulation and CMA-ES. International Conference on the Applications of Evolutionary Computation, evo*2021 (pp. 458–468). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72699-7_29
Xu et al., 2025: Xu, X., Puggioni, A., Kilroy, D., & Campbell, A. G. (2025). Mixed reality and real-time x-ray simulation in vet radiography training: a user-centered comparative study. 2025 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) (pp. 12–22). doi:10.1109/VR59515.2025.00026
Zuo et al., 2018: Zuo, Z., Qian, W. Y., Liao, X., & Heng, P.-A. (2018). Position based catheterization and angiography simulation. 2018 IEEE 6th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH) (pp. 1–7). doi:10.1109/SeGAH.2018.8401369

Invited oral presentations

Mitchell et al., 2023: Mitchell, I., Vidal, F. P., Middleburgh, S., Garbout, A., Buffière, J.-Y., & Létang, J. M. (2023 , October). Creating functional digital shadows of x-ray systems. Workshop on Image-Based Simulation for Industry 2023 (IBSim-4i 2023). Institute of Physics, London, UK. Invited talk.
Vidal, 2018: Vidal, F. P. (2018 , September). gVirtualXRay - Fast X-ray simulation on GPU. Workshop on Image-Based Finite Element Method for Industry 2018 (IBFEM-4i 2018). Swansea, UK. Invited talk. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1452506
Vidal, 2021a: Vidal, F. P. (2021 , October). Introduction to X-ray simulation on GPU using gVirtualXray. Workshop on Image-Based Simulation for Industry 2021 (IBSim-4i 2020). online event. Invited talk.
Vidal, 2021b: Vidal, F. P. (2021 , October). Optimisation and simulation of X-ray images: automatic registration of surface models on synchrotron microtomography data. Workshop on Image-Based Simulation for Industry 2021 (IBSim-4i 2021). Institute of Physics, London, UK. Invited talk.
Vidal, 2022: Vidal, F. P. (2022 , October). Lecture notes in Hands-on training with gVirtualXray (gVXR) for simulating virtual XCT scans.
Vidal, 2023: Vidal, F. P. (2023 , October). New developments in gvirtualxray since ibsim 2021. Workshop on Image-Based Simulation for Industry 2023 (IBSim-4i 2023). Institute of Physics, London, UK. Invited talk.
Vidal et al., 2024: Vidal, F. P., Afshari, S., Ahmed, S., Atkins, C., Béchet, É., Corbí Bellot, A., ... Tugwell-Allsup, J. (2024). Müller, B., & Wang, G. (Eds.). X-ray simulations with gVXR as a useful tool for education, data analysis, set-up of CT scans, and scanner development. Developments in X-Ray Tomography XV (p. 131520W). SPIE. Best Paper for Tomography Outreach Tools. doi:10.1117/12.3025315

International Conferences (abstracts)

Mitchell et al., 2022: Mitchell, I. T., Evans, L. M., & Vidal, F. P. (2022 , June). WebCT: fully featured browser-based interactive X-ray simulations for scan planning and training. 6th Dimensional X-ray Computed Tomography conference (dXCT MMXXII). Poster presentation, winner of Best Poster Presentation Prize.
Vidal et al., 2022: Vidal, F. P., Mitchell, I. T., Buffière, J.-Y., & Létang, J. M. (2022 , June). Experimental microCT and high-fidelity simulations: towards quantitative imaging in the case of strong artefacts. 6th Dimensional X-ray Computed Tomography conference (dXCT MMXXII). Oral presentation.
Vidal et al., 2024: Vidal, F. P., Mitchell, I. T., Buffière, J.-Y., & Létang, J. M. (2024 , June). How does a manufactured object compare to its original CAD design? 8th Dimensional X-ray Computed Tomography conference (dXCT MMXXIV). Oral presentation.
Vidal et al., 2010: Vidal, F. P., Villard, P. F., Garnier, M., Freud, N., Létang, J. M., John, N. W., & Bello, F. (2010 , July). Joint simulation of transmission x-ray imaging on GPU and patient's respiration on CPU. Medical Physics, 37(6), 3129. doi:10.1118/1.3468154
Villard et al., 2009: Villard, P.-F., Vidal, F. P., Hunt, C., Bello, F., John, N. W., Johnson, S., & Gould, D. A. (2009 , June). Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography training simulator with real-time breathing motion. Proceeding of the 23rd International Congress of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (pp. S66–S67). Berlin, Germany: Springer. doi:10.1007/s11548-009-0326-x

International Conferences (other presentations)

Friemann et al., 2024: Friemann, J., Mikkelsen, L. P., Oddy, C., & Fagerström, M. (2024). Automated generation of labeled synthetic training data for machine learning based segmentation of 3D-woven composites. Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials: Special sessions (pp. 333–338). doi:10.60691/yj56-np80
Vidal & Villard, 2015: Vidal, F. P., & Villard, P.-F. (2015). Bühler, K., Linsen, L., & John, N. W. (Eds.). Simulated Motion Artefact in Computed Tomography. Eurographics Workshop on Visual Computing for Biology and Medicine (pp. 213–214). The Eurographics Association. doi:10.2312/vcbm.20151228

National Conferences

Sujar et al., 2019: Sujar, A., Kelly, G., García, M., & Vidal, F. P. (2019). Tam, G. K. L., & Roberts, J. C. (Eds.). Projectional radiography simulator: an interactive teaching tool. Computer Graphics and Visual Computing (CGVC) (pp. 125–128). The Eurographics Association. Winner of David Duce Prize for Best Short Paper. doi:10.2312/cgvc.20191267
Sujar et al., 2017: Sujar, A., Meuleman, A., Villard, P.-F., García, M., & Vidal, F. P. (2017). Wan, T. R., & Vidal, F. P. (Eds.). gVirtualXRay: Virtual X-Ray Imaging Library on GPU. Computer Graphics and Visual Computing (CGVC) (pp. 61–68). The Eurographics Association. doi:10.2312/cgvc.20171279
Vidal et al., 2009: Vidal, F. P., Garnier, M., Freud, N., Létang, J. M., & John, N. W. (2009 , June). Simulation of X-ray attenuation on the GPU. Proceedings of Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics 2009 (pp. 25–32). Cardiff, UK: Eurographics Association. Winner of Ken Brodlie Prize for Best Paper. doi:10.2312/LocalChapterEvents/TPCG/TPCG09/025-032
Wen et al., 2019: Wen, T., Mihail, R. P., Al-Maliki, S., Létang, J.-M., & Vidal, F. P. (2019). Tam, G. K. L., & Roberts, J. C. (Eds.). Registration of 3D triangular models to 2D X-ray projections using black-box optimisation and X-ray simulation. Computer Graphics and Visual Computing (CGVC) (pp. 105–113). The Eurographics Association. doi:10.2312/cgvc.20191265

Dissertations

Corbi, 2017: Corbi, A. (2017). Environment recognition applied to particle detectors (Doctoral dissertation). Universitat de València, València, Spain.
Dixon, 2022: Dixon, L. (2022). XRayViewer - A C++ Unreal Engine 5 Wrapper for gVirtualXRay (Master's thesis). Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
Haiderbhai, 2020: Haiderbhai, M. (2020). Generating Synthetic X-rays Using Generative Adversarial Networks (Doctoral dissertation). University of Ottawa, Canada.
Jernfors, 2022: Jernfors, J. (2022). Virtuaalinen Röntgenlaite (Master's thesis). University of Oulu, Finland.
Lovitt, 2016: Lovitt, J. (2016). Estimating Length Statistics of Aggregate Fried Potato Product via Electromagnetic Radiation Attenuation (Master's thesis). Boise State University, Idaho, USA.
Racy, 2017: Racy, M. (2017 , September). Development of a haptic femoral intramedullary nailing simulator (Master's thesis). Imperial College London, London, UK.
Wen, 2023: Wen, T. (2023 , July). Registration of 3D models to 2D X-ray images using fast X-ray simulation and global optimisation algorithms (Doctoral dissertation). Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
Sujar Garrido, 2019: Sújar Garrido, A. (2019). Subject posing in patient specific simulators (Doctoral dissertation). Universitad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.

Others

Yu et al., 2025: Yu, W., Zhu, Z., Wang, C., Bao, Y., Xia, C., Cheng, R., … Tsai, T.-Y. (2025). Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lumbar spine with submillimeter accuracy using biplanar x-ray images. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.14573
Zhu et al., 2025: Zhu, C., Ishikawa, R., Kagesawa, M., Yuzawa, T., Watsuji, T., & Oishi, T. (2025). NeAS: 3D Reconstruction from X-ray Images using Neural Attenuation Surface. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.07491